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The U.S. Army followed the British lead and adopted the percussion system in 1841. The musket ball, round and circular, would not fracture inside the body, making it easy to pull out. Dan Bullock died at age 15 in 1969 and efforts to recognize the young African-American Marine continue and are highlighted in this Military Times documentary.

He soon discovered, however, that the pounding disfigured the ball and greatly reduced its accuracy, so he designed an elongated, cylindrical bullet with a flat base that would expand more evenly under the ramrod blows.

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This chamber was separated from the rest of the barrel by a strong lip, beyond which the powder could pass, but not the bullet. He discovered that the base of the blowpipe arrow was made of elastic locus pith. The bore, or inside of the barrel, was smooth; unlike the later rifle-muskets, it contained no spiral rifling grooves to force the projectile to spin evenly and thus travel rapidly in a straight line like a spiraling football. At 1,000 yards, he could even hit an 8-by-8-foot target half of the time.

After the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, both Union and Confederate soldiers used the “minnie” bullet (as they called it) in their muzzle-loading rifles.Before the development of the Minié ball, muzzle-loading rifles were not used in combat situations because of how difficult they were to load. The origin of the (false) story was a gag article published in The American Medical Weekly in 1874.When a rifle containing a Minié bullet was fired, the bullet was rammed back on the charge, which exploded and sent the bullet hurtling down the barrel. Cylindrical in shape, with a conical point and a hollow base containing an iron plug, the Minié bullet was smaller than the diameter of a rifle barrel, and could be easily loaded, even when the rifle became dirty.Did you know? This pith expanded when a person blew into the blowgun’s tube, closing the space between the tube and the dart to give a tight seal that increased the dart’s range.Based on this principle Norton developed a cylindrical bullet with a hollow base in 1832. As a result, the rifle’s rate of fire was only one-third of the smoothbore’s, making the gun impractical for general military use. In the early 1800s, Napoleon often placed the artillery forward in his battle lines, even during advances, to provide direct fire in support of the infantry. Prussia demonstrated to European armies the impact of more rapid fire on the battlefield when its "needle gun" breechloaders badly outclassed Austrian weapons during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. The minie ball is shaped like the modern bullet, and shatters on impact. A bullet for a .38 Special is actually .357 inches across, and for a .45 auto, about .451 inches. ...Pfc. The era of ramming powder and a Minie´ ball down a barrel from the muzzle lasted less than a quarter of a century, but during that time the new conical bullet and the rifled musket had shown the need for armies to develop new tactics that recognized the increased strength of defenders and the slaughter awaiting troops packed into tight linear battle formations. Because the ammunition used had to engage the spiral grooves, or rifling, inside the rifle barrel, it had to be equal in diameter to the barrel, and shooters would have to jam the bullet into the rifle by force. How did the invention of the minnie ball bullet shape the civil war?